E-ARK glossary

Administration to Administration Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Administration to Business Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Administration to Citizen Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Architectural Building Block in CEF Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

As defined in the Handbook, access is assumed to mean continued, ongoing usability of a digital resource, retaining all qualities of authenticity, accuracy and functionality deemed to be essential for the purposes the digital material was created and/or acquired for. Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

A software program or document that allows Consumers to locate, analyse, order or retrieve information from an OAIS.

Alternative Dispute Resolution Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Archaeology Data Service. A UK based service active in digital preservation. http://ads.ahds.ac.uk; Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

Asynchronous JavaScript and JSON A group of interrelated web development techniques used on the client-side to create asynchronous web applications. Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Asynchronous JavaScript and XML A set of web development techniques using many web technologies on the client-side to create asynchronous web applications. Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Agile Modeling Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Architecture Board Meeting Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Association of Moving Image Archives, an organisation active in the field of moving image archiving. http://www.amianet.org; Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

Access Point An Access Point is defined as an implementation of the AS4 data exchange protocol. In particular, the profile of AS4 developed by eSENS and now maintained by the CEF eDelivery Building Block:  eDelivery AS4 The Access Point must comply with this profile because several options of the original technical specifications were narrowed down in order to increase consistency, interoperability and to simplify deployment. Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

An open source services framework. Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Application Programming Interface A set of routines, protocols and tools for building software applications. Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Container format for websites devised by the Internet Archive, superseded by WARC. Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

An Information Package, consisting of the Content Information and the associated Preservation Description Information (PDI), which is preserved within an OAIS.

Archival Information System: It consists of several modules that support individual phases of processing Information Packages or parts of them in the archival environment (e.g. submission module, cataloguing module, ordering module, digital storage module, access module). The number of modules, their features and relationships depend on the local implementation.

“Materials created or received by a person, family, or organization, public or private, in the conduct of their affairs and preserved because of the enduring value contained in the information they contain or as evidence of the functions and responsibilities of their creator, especially those materials maintained using the principles of provenance, original order, and collective control https://www2.archivists.org/glossary/terms/a/archives.”

Applicability Statement 1 Based on SMTP and S/MIME. It was the first AS protocol developed, implementing signing, encryption and MDN conventions. Files are encoded as attachments in a standardised S/MIME message (an AS1 message). Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Applicability Statement 2 The AS2 profile of eDelivery is based on Applicability Statement 2. AS2 was chosen by PEPPOL because of its popularity among EDI Service Providers. Files are encoded as attachments in a standardised S/MIME message (an AS2 message). Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Applicability Statement 3 A standard by which vendor applications communicate over the internet using FTP. AS3 is an EDI protocol. Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Applicability Statement 4 The AS4 profile of eDelivery is the AS4 Usage Profile defined by eSENS based on the AS4 Profile of ebMS3 OASIS Standard. AS4 itself is based on other standards, in particular on OASIS ebXML Messaging Services, which in turn is based on various Web Service specifications. Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

American Standard Code for Information Interchange, standard for electronic text. https;//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII; Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

Helps a party to determine, with some level of certainty, that an electronic credential representing an entity (human or a machine) with which it interacts to effect a transaction, can be trusted to actually belong to the entity. There are three levels - 'Low', 'Substantial' and 'High'. Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Automated Translation CEF building block to allow European and national public administrations to exchange information across language barriers in the EU. The main purpose of AT is to make all DSIs multilingual. For example, users of an e-Procurement system or the Open Data Portal will be able to access information and communicate with their counterparts using their own language. While AT is mainly intended to be integrated into other digital services, it also offers useful stand-alone services for translating documents or snippets of text. Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Each message will be delivered to the Application Destination at most once. It's possible that a Message will not be delivered to the Application Destination at all, but the Application Destination will never get duplicate messages. Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

A mechanism which attempts to establish the authenticity of digital materials at a particular point in time. For example, digital signatures. Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

The degree to which a person (or system) regards an object as what it is purported to be. Authenticity is judged on the basis of evidence.

Business to Administration  Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Business to Business Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Business to Citizen Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Business Document Metadata Service Location Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

A binary file is computer‑readable but not human‑readable. All executable programs are stored in binary files, as are most numeric data files. Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Business Interoperability Specifications Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

A bit is the basic unit of information in computing. It can have only one of two values commonly represented as either a 0 or 1.The two values can be interpreted as any two-valued attribute (yes/no, on/off, etc). Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

A term used to denote a very basic level of preservation of digital resource as it was submitted( literally preservation of the bits forming a digital resource). It may include maintaining onsite and offsite backup copies, virus checking, fixity-checking, and periodic refreshment to new storage media. Bit preservation is not digital preservation but it does provide one building block for the more complete set of digital preservation practices and processes that ensure the survival of digital content and also its usability, display, context and interpretation over time. Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

Back Office Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

" Digital materials which are not intended to have an analogue equivalent, either as the originating source or as a result of conversion to analogue form. This term has been used in the Handbook to differentiate them from 1) digital materials which have been created as a result of converting analogue originals; and 2) digital materials, which may have originated from a digital source but have been printed to paper, e.g. some electronic records.";; Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

Business Registers Interconnection System Each MS has a Business Register which sends documents through a Gateway to the ECP, which corresponds to BRIS. Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Business Document Exchange Network Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Broadcast WAV format, the European Broadcasting Union standard for a WAV file, with extra metadata. http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000003.shtml; Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

Corner 1 in the Four-Corner Model. An end entity which exchanges messages with the other end entity (C4) via Access Point intermediaries (C2 and C3). Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Corner 2 in the Four-Corner Model. An Access Point intermediary which via Access Point intermediaries C3 facilitates the exchange of messages from its end entity (C1) with the other end entity (C4). Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Citizen to Administration Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Citizen to Business Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Citizen to Citizen Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Corner 3 in the Four-Corner Model. An Access Point intermediary which via Access Point intermediaries C2 facilitates the exchange of messages from its end entity (C4) with the other end entity (C1). Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Corner 4 in the Four-Corner Model. An end entity which exchanges messages with the other end entity (C1) via Access Point intermediaries (C2 and C3). Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Certification Authority Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

An ABB which offers a technical service to accommodate a dynamic and flexible interoperability community. A capability lookup can provide metadata about the communication partner’s interoperability capabilities on all levels defined in the EIF (Legall, Organisational, Process, Semantic and Technical interoperability levels). The metadata can be used to dynamically set interoperability parameters and ambitions between the sender and receiver.  Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

A type of Access Aid that allows a user to search for and identify Information Packages of interest.

Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, the body responsible for the OAIS Reference Model. http://public.ccsds.org/default.aspx; Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

Connecting Europe Facility Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

CEF Architect Office Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

A platform funded by CEF to be the core building block used by CEF DSIs for operating in a multilingual way. It includes Machine Translation as a service it offers. Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Common Entry Gate See EU-CEG. Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

European Committee for Standardisation Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

A key concept in forensics whereby the custody and provenance of digital hardware, media and files are safeguarded through, for example, the appointment of evidence custodians. The purpose of the Digital Evidence Bag (DEB) is to hold digitally, along with the evidential digital objects, provenance metadata that can be updated as required; a concept that is familiar to digital preservation practitioners.; Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

A unique numerical signature dreived from a file. Used to compare copies. Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Common Infrastructure for Public Administrations Provides a generic solution for public administrations to exchange documents in a secure and reliable way Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Council on Library and Information Resources. US based organisation active in digital preservation. http://www.clir.org; Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

Coalition for Networked Information. US based organisation active in digital preservation. http://www.cni.org; Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

Component Offering Description Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

A part of a record that represents a discrete item of content. For completeness a record including all its components and their content must be managed atomically.

European Commission's Directorate-General for Communication Networks, Content and Technology Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

refers to the right of a subscriber to an electronic publication and their users to have on-going permanent access to electronic materials which have already been leased and paid for by the subscriber from a publisher. It is a term used, along with its synonyms perpetual access and post-cancellation access, in the information industry to describe the ability to retain access to electronic materials by the subscriber/licensee after the contractual licensing agreement with the publisher/licensor for those materials has ended, whatever the reason for the cessation. It may also cover as appropriate arrangements for digital preservation needed to guarantee some elements of continuing access. Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

is a coordinate-based local, regional or global system used to locate geographical entities. A coordinate reference system defines a specific map projection, as well as transformations between different spatial reference systems. Spatial reference systems are defined by the OGC's Simple feature access using well-known text representation of coordinate reference systems, and support has been implemented by several standards-based geographic information systems.

Community Owned digital Preservation Tool Registry hosted by The Open Preservation Foundation. http://coptr.digipres.org; Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

Large and structured sets of text or speech audio files used in linguistic Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

The term Commercial off-the-shelf product (hardware or software) refers to readily available products that can be acquired from the market (instead of being developed in-house) Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Collaboration Protocol Agreement Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

The act of browsing the web automatically and methodically to index or download content and other data from the web. The software to do this is often called a web crawler. Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

Certificate Revocation List Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Committee Specification Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Component Software Architecture Document Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Certification Service Provider  Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Disciplined Agile Delivery Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

is an archive that cannot be accessed by any current users but may be accessible at future dates subject to the occurrence of specific pre-defined events ('trigger event'). Access to the data is either limited to a few set individuals or completely restricted to all. Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

A database is an organised collection of data. It is the collection of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views and other objects.

Database Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Digital Curation Centre. A UK based organisation active in digital preservation. http://www.dcc.ac.uk; Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

Data Documentation Initiative. A de facto international metadata standard for describing data from the social, behavioral, and economic sciences. http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/DDI; Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

Data Encryption Standard Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Metadata that describes the data content.

European Commission's Directorate-General for Translation Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

Digital Curator Vocational Education Europe. A project funded by the European Commission to establish a curriculum framework for vocational training in digital curation. http://www.digcurv.gla.ac.uk/; Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

European Commission's Directorate-General for Informatics Definition from https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/CEF+Glossary

This term is used very differently within sectors. The library and archiving communities often use it interchangeably with digital preservation. Computing professionals tend to use digital archiving to mean the process of backup and ongoing maintenance as opposed to strategies for long-term digital preservation. It is this latter richer definition, as defined under digital preservation which has been used throughout this Handbook. Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

The application of scientific technical methods and tools toward the preservation, collection, validation, identification, analysis, interpretation, documentation and presentation of digital information derived after-the-fact from digital sources. Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

Digital geodata records are records containing a spatial graphical component, describing objects in space. They can be created digitally, or digitized from an analogue source (paper maps)

The term used to describe the digital assets of an archive, contained in Information Packages.

" A broad term encompassing digital surrogates created as a result of converting analogue materials to digital form (digitisation), and ""born digital"" for which there has never been and is never intended to be an analogue equivalent, and digital records.";; Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

An object composed of a set of bit sequences.

" Refers to the series of managed activities necessary to ensure continued access to digital materials for as long as necessary. Digital preservation is defined very broadly for the purposes of this study and refers to all of the actions required to maintain access to digital materials beyond the limits of media failure or technological and organisational change. Those materials may be records created during the day-to-day business of an organisation; ""born-digital"" materials created for a specific purpose (e.g. teaching resources); or the products of digitisation projects. This Handbook specifically excludes the potential use of digital technology to preserve the original artefacts through digitisation. See also Digitisation definition below.";; Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary

Documentation of processes in a Digital Object’s life cycle. Digital provenance typically describes Agents responsible for the custody and stewardship of Digital Objects, key Events that occur over the course of the Digital Object’s life cycle, and other information associated with the Digital Object’s creation, management, and preservation http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/v3/premis-3-0-final.pdf

" ""Born digital"" objects which have been released for public access and either made available or distributed free of charge or for a fee. They may consist of networked publications, available over a communications network or physical format publications which are distributed on formats such as floppy or optical disks. They may also be either static or dynamic.";; Definition by https://www.dpconline.org/handbook/glossary